Total number of collaborative scientific publications that have been submitted for peer review in recognized academic journals, with contributions from multiple authors or institutions supported by the Grants. Scientific publications mean research articles, review papers, case studies, or other scholarly works that present original research findings, literature reviews, or theoretical contributions. The publications need to be co-authored by individuals from different institutions, research centers, or disciplines, or involve international, inter-institutional, or interdisciplinary collaboration. Publications must also be submitted to journals or conferences that require an independent review process by qualified experts in the relevant field. A publication is considered "submitted" once it has been formally sent to a peer-reviewed journal or conference for review.