Total number of cross-border mechanisms or structures that have been newly established or significantly strengthened to enhance joint preparedness for and response to emergencies, crises, or disasters involving two or more countries.

Established refers to newly created cross-border mechanisms that are formally operational, with clearly defined objectives, governance arrangements, and roles shared among participating countries. These mechanisms should involve structured coordination and active engagement between relevant authorities or institutions across borders.

Strengthened refers to existing cross-border mechanisms that have been improved in terms of coordination, effectiveness, resource-sharing, joint planning, governance, communication, or operational capacity. Strengthening may include activities such as bilateral or multilateral agreements, joint training or simulations, improved early warning systems, harmonized protocols, or shared response infrastructure.

Only mechanisms that demonstrate active cross-border collaboration and a functional role in emergency preparedness or response should be counted.