This indicator measures the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (expressed in tonnes of CO₂ equivalent) achieved with Grants' support. These reductions result from energy efficiency improvements, renewable energy adoption, or other emission-reducing interventions. It tracks the net change in the GHG emissions relative to the assumed "business as usual" or baseline scenario for typical year of operation as, in tonnes of CO2 equivalent primarily focused on interventions in the energy sector.

GHG emissions include all carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) emissions.

The net change in GHG emissions is not directly observable but can be estimated relative to the assumed business as usual emissions case.

Below are the calculation steps:

a. Identify the business as usual or baseline scenario and determine the baseline GHG emissions per year by the use of emissions factors. The baseline scenario is the theoretical alternative that is feasible and creditable (e.g. do not break any existing laws, can achieve expected objectives, etc).

b. Identify estimated GHG emissions per year for intervention scenario per year by the use of emissions factors.

c. Identify estimated net change in GHG emissions per year (step a - step b). The net change in GHG emissions could be negative or positive.

The GHG emissions avoided over a typical year of operation estimate should come from project information where ever possible.